Beyond electrification: innovative models of scientific publication 'Electronic Publishing' until now mostly has been equivalent of 'electrified publishing', the transposition of traditional techniques into a different medium. The paper explores some of the changes and challenges that could result from truly innovative models of publishing, models that would go beyond this 'electrification' stage and actually make use of the technical and functional potential of networked e-publication. These changes in turn are presented as part of a more global transformation of scientific communication modes. This transformation affects different scientific cultures in specifically different ways: the paper concludes with a short discussion of the consequences of 'serious' electronic publication in the 'hard' sciences and in the humanities respectively. Information seeking behaviour and the digital information world This paper will examine the ways in which digital information services have changed the way people seek information. Such services are not new but form an increasing part of the ‘universe of knowledge’ accessible to the individual –with or without the aid of an intermediary. Behaviour, however, is rooted in our experience of the world and there is little evidence to suggest that either a) people’s search strategies have evolved significantly; or b) that system developers are any more likely to create more usable systems than have existed in the past. New models for publishing and academic initiatives from a librarian´s point of view This presentation will cover some aspects of the publication market and discuss current attitudes among researchers and librarians leading to both local and national library initiatives for change. Solutions for the dissemination and visibility of Open Access journals and Open Archives and the integration of OA-material with licensed resources will be shown. There will be some discussion of the problems of intellectual property rights management and of the evaluation and impact of scientists´ work. Examples of library and university cooperative advocacy and awareness work in Scandinavia will be presented as well as a current project proposal regarding the specific problems of future publishing in the Nordic languages in the humanities and social sciences. The Virtual Health Library, an approach to  the Access and Dissemination of Scientific Information from Latin America and Spain The National Library of Health Sciences (Biblioteca Nacional de Ciencias de la Salud – BNCS) of the Carlos III Health Institute (Instituto de Salud Carlos III – ISCIII) has coordinated the development of  the Virtual Health Library (VHL) in Spain since 1999. It collaborates with the Latin American and Caribbean Centrer on Health Sciences Information, formerly  called the Regional Library of Medicine (BIREME), in São Paulo, Brazil, which is part of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) of the World Health Organization (WHO) based in Washington (USA).     BIREME/PAHO/WHO coordinates the project to develop the Virtual Health Library, with the aims  of creating  a unified point for  reference for the  access and distribution of information, documentation, and health technical-scientific knowledge.  VHL's quality is assured by the application of common guidelines, defined by BIREME, in the design of  its portals, and  by the establishment of quality criteria that each National Coordination Centre  has to apply for the selection of  information resources included. Each participant country, through its Coordinator Centre, develops its own VHL.     The Virtual Health Library could be defined as a tool to access and disseminate scientific and technical knowledge on health  through the internet. The main aim is to promote the development and dissemination  of scientific information sources for use by governments, national health systems, research and educational institutions, health workers and any other people who need this type of information. The VHL gathers different types of information resources on health, it guarantees the reliability, updating and quality of the information, and provides universal access to this information on the internet.     VHL-Spain offers access to national databases  (IBECS y BDIE), international databases (Medline, Lilacs, Paho-DB…), collective catalogues (SeCS y C17), electronic journals (SciELO-Spain and Net-SciELO), health terminology (MeSH-DeCS, Health Sciences Descriptors), a health information locator (HIL-LIS-Spain: Healthy Sites), full textbooks, bulletins and grey literature, directories and other information resources. Some of the main sources are:     IBECS (The Spanish Bibliographic Index on Health Sciences) is a database that indexes health science literature published in Spain. It includes contents of journals from different health sciences fields, such as medicine, pharmacy, veterinary medicine, psychology, dentistry, and nursing. With the development of IBECS it is intended to have a bibliographic index of the content of Spanish health sciences publications that allows access to the information  and  facilitates the dissemination of Spanish scientific journals , promoting them at a national and international level. IBECS uses the methodology and thesaurus used by other databases like Lilacs and Medline (called Lildbi-DeCS). A Technical Committee evaluates the journals to be accepted in the index, according to a pre-established quality control. HIL-Spain: healthy sites (Health Information Locator) is a search engine specializing in health  web sites available via the internet and selected by quality criteria. It describes the content of the sites and their internet links. The main aim is to contribute to the visibility and accessibility of quality information sources, mainly Spanish and European, on health sciences.     DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors), is a trilingual thesaurus (English, Portuguese, Spanish) used in the VHL to index IBECS articles and web pages (HIL-Spain). It is a translation of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings-National Library of Medicine) with two new categories: Public Health and Homeopathy. Spanish activity on MeSH-DeCS is based on revision of the currently terms and translation of new terms detected by NLM yearly.     SciELO-Spain (Scientific Electronic Library Online) represents a model of electronic publishing of scientific journals on Internet. The Scielo project  allows free access to the full text of scientific publications, which has proved to be  an effective procedure foro the spread of scientific knowledge generated in the countries which integrate the project. SciELO network gathers different SciELO sites (SciELO Brazil, SciELO Chile, SciELO Spain, SciELO Cuba and SciELO Public Health). With its incorporation to the Virtual Health Library, the Carlos III Health Institute, through the National Library of Health Sciences (BNCS), believes in national and international collaboration for the dissemination of Latin American and Spanish quality scientific production, in the field of health sciences, with a regulation of the contents, a standardization of methodologies, and with a clear aim: to offer the worldwide researching community an easy and free access to this scientific literature. Open Access Publishing: All Use is Fair Use BioMed Central has been publishing with Open Access for over three years now, more that two years of which in a commercial business model, with article processing charges as its main source of revenue. An account will be given of the experience of the first few years of BioMed Central, its journal programme, and how issues like economic sustainability and preservation of electronically published material are dealt with. Long-term access and humanities scholarship In the context of academic publishing, the digital revolution is primarily discussed for its potential to provide direct global access to vast amounts of research data. Seamless access from the desktop to the thousands of articles in journals is a giant step forward for the sciences that thrive on speedy communication of research results.     For the humanities, the new technology also holds the promise of massive retroconversion of analogue materials. However, given the level of investment required, it is unlikely that libraries and archives can ever digitize more than a fraction of their immense holdings. Yet, with concepts like  'libraries without walls' dominating the scene, enthusiasts sometimes lose sight of the fact that huge paper-based collections will still have to be maintained to serve the needs of specialist scholars.     Rapid technological developments pose a threat to the survival of all digital resources in that what is created today may be outdated tomorrow. It will require extensive management and considerable investment to keep digital materials accessible over time. Many initiatives have been taken to ensure long-term access, specifically for electronic journals, but there are also new types of materials that defy established approaches for preservation.     This paper will discuss various issues relating to preservation and access of scholarly publications in the evolving digital environment.